Direction finding for two-dimensional incoherently distributed sources with Hadamard shift invariance in non-uniform orthogonal arrays

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for Two-Dimensional (2D) central Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation of incoherently distributed sources. In particular, an orthogonal array structure consisting of two Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NLAs) is considered. Based on first-order Taylor series approximation, the Generalized Array Manifold (GAM) model can first be established to separate the central DOAs from the original array manifold. Then, the Hadamard rotational invariance relationships inside the GAMs of two NLAs are identified. With the aid of such relationships, the central elevation and azimuth DOAs can be estimated through a search-free polynomial rooting method. Additionally, a simple parameter pairing of the estimated 2D angular parameters is also accomplished via the Hadamard rotational invariance relationship inside the GAM of the whole array. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a remarkably higher precision at less complexity increment compared with the existing low-complexity methods, which benefits from the larger array aperture of the NLAs. Moreover, it requires no priori information about the angular distributed function.     

先进战斗机过失速机动大气数据融合估计方法

可控的过失速机动是先进战斗机超机动性能的重要标志，飞机飞行包线的扩大已超出传统的大气数据系统测量范围，可靠的迎角、侧滑角、总压、静压等飞行大气数据是制约先进战斗机过失速机动中飞行控制的关键因素。以中国推力矢量验证机为对象，基于过失速机动飞行试验的数据，开展大气参数估计与验证研究。结合过失速机动的时间与空间特性，研究了基于风速、地速、空速矢量和惯性姿态、导航参数的大气参数融合计算方法；针对过失速大迎角状态下飞机周围气流非定常、模型非线性导致的融合大气参数误差的复杂特性，进一步构建深度神经网络，对机动状态融合迎角、侧滑角的强非线性误差进行拟合。仿真和飞行试验表明：该方法可在大迎角飞行状态下实现主要大气参数的融合估计，过失速机动过程中融合迎角误差优于2.3°，融合得到的大气参数可为过失速大迎角机动飞行控制提供可靠的大气参数状态反馈。     

Real-time clock comparison and monitoring with multi-GNSS precise point positioning: GPS,GLONASS and Galileo

The precise point positioning (PPP) technique is widely used in time and frequency applications. Because of the real-time service (RTS) project of the International GNSS Service, we can use the PPP technique for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. As a participant in the RTS, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) implements the PPPWIZARD (Precise Point Positioning with Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) project to validate carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Unlike the Integer-PPP (IPPP) of the CNES, fixing ambiguities in the post-processing mode, the PPPWIZARD operates in the real-time mode, which is also called real-time IPPP (RT-IPPP). This paper focuses on applying the RT-IPPP for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. We review the principle of real-time clock comparison and monitoring, and introduce the methodology of the RT-IPPP technique. The observations of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo were processed for the experiments. Five processing modes were provided in the experiment to analyze the benefits of ambiguity resolution and multi-GNSS. In the clock comparison experiment, the average reduction ratios of standard deviations with respect to the G PPP mode range from 9.7% to 35.0%. In the clock monitoring experiment, G PPP mode can detect clock jumps whose magnitudes are larger than 0.9 ns. The RT-IPPP technique with GRE PPP AR (G) mode allows for the detection of any clock jumps larger than 0.6 ns. For frequency monitoring, G PPP mode allows detection of frequency changes larger than 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴. When the RT-IPPP technique is applied, monitoring with GRE PPP AR (G) mode can detect frequency changes larger than 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁵.     

前飞速度和升力偏置量对共轴刚性旋翼气动特性影响分析

共轴刚性旋翼前飞状态的气动特性主要由工况环境中的来流速度、密度和桨叶的翼型配置、弦长分布和扭转分布等气动布局参数决定。气动布局参数的综合影响决定了共轴刚性旋翼的的升力偏置量。了解前飞速度和升力偏置量对前飞性能的影响规律有利于设计更适合于高速飞行的共轴刚性旋翼。因此,本文通过求解可压雷诺平均N-S(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程对4 m直径的由两副2片矩形桨叶旋翼构成的共轴刚性旋翼模型的前飞流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同前进比下的气动力并对不同升力偏置量下的旋翼性能进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,随前进比增大,桨叶展向拉力分布更加趋于合理,拉力中心向桨叶中段移动,可以充分给桨尖卸载;旋翼升力主要由前行侧桨叶提供,升力偏置量过大容易产生激波诱导失速,不利于高速前飞。     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

谱估计理论在弹道数据参数化建模中的应用

针对高超声速飞行器防御作战中目标运动规律的描述问题，提出一种基于经典和现代谱估计理论的弹道数据参数化分析和建模方法。该方法将弹道数据视作非平稳随机信号，研究其变化规律：首先，通过线性消势法消除信号的线性趋势，将其转变为平稳信号，以便于进行谱估计；然后，采用Welch算法给出大致的谱图，结合该谱图和改进的协方差法确定自回归参数模型的阶数，以避免模型阶数选择准则引起的不确定性问题；最终，给出弹道数据的参数化模型。仿真结果表明，使用本文算法建立的弹道数据参数化模型与动力学模型具有较高的一 致性。     

InfraRed Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry (IRASSI): Overview and study results

The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist yet. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron or OST will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO) and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. These demands call for interferometric concepts. We present here first results of our feasibility study IRASSI (Infrared Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry) for an FIR space interferometer. Extending on the principal concept of the previous study ESPRIT, it features heterodyne interferometry within a swarm of five satellite elements. The satellites can drift in and out within a range of several hundred meters, thereby achieving spatial resolutions of <0.1 arcsec over the whole wavelength range of 1–6 THz. Precise knowledge on the baselines will be ensured by metrology methods employing laser-based optical frequency combs, for which preliminary ground-based tests have been designed by members of our study team. We first give a motivation on how the science requirements translate into operational and design parameters for IRASSI. Our consortium has put much emphasis on the navigational aspects of such a free-flying swarm of satellites operating in relatively close vicinity. We hence present work on the formation geometry, the relative dynamics of the swarm, and aspects of our investigation towards attitude estimation. Furthermore, we discuss issues regarding the real-time capability of the autonomous relative positioning system, which is an important aspect for IRASSI where, due to the large raw data rates expected, the interferometric correlation has to be done onboard, in quasi-real-time. We also address questions regarding the spacecraft architecture and how a first thermomechanical model is used to study the effect of thermal perturbations on the spacecraft. This will have implications for the necessary internal calibration of the local tie between the laser metrology and the phase centres of the science signals and will ultimately affect the accuracy of the baseline estimations.     

基于自适应容积粒子滤波的车辆状态估计

针对车辆状态估计中由模型的强非线性、噪声的非高斯分布等相关因素导致估计精度下降甚至发散的问题,本文提出了基于自适应容积粒子滤波(Adaptive cubature particle filter,ACPF)的车辆状态估计器。首先基于非稳态动态轮胎模型,构建高维度非线性八自由度车辆模型。其次利用自适应容积卡尔曼滤波(Adaptive cubature Kalman filter,ACKF)算法更新基本粒子滤波(Particle filter,PF)算法的重要性密度函数,以完成自适应容积粒子滤波算法设计。利用车载传感器信息,运用ACPF算法实现对车辆的侧倾角、质心侧偏角等关键状态变量高精度在线观测。搭建Simulink-Carsim联合仿真平台进行了算法的验证,结果表明该算法状态估计精度高于传统无迹粒子滤波(Unscented particle filter,UPF)算法,且算法运算效率高于UPF算法,而传统PF估计值发散。研究结果为实现车辆动力学精准控制提供了理论支持。     

低轨Walker星座构型偏置维持控制方法分析

针对低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）Walker星座构型稳定性维持问题，分析了低轨卫星的轨道摄动和星座构型稳定性的影响因素。通过分析低轨Walker星座的轨道摄动和相对漂移特点，提出了两次偏置策略。首先，依据未偏置时星座相对漂移量拟合得出第一次偏置时的偏置量。然后利用第一次偏置后的相对漂移量拟合得出第二次偏置量，消除残余项影响。两次偏置量叠加，使相对漂移大大降低。结果表明，低轨Walker星座中各卫星的初始参数偏差造成了升交点赤经和沿迹角相对漂移的发散，两次偏置策略可将两种星座的相对漂移量降至0.1°以下，证明了策略的有效性，提高了星座构型稳定性。     

基于偏最小二乘回归分析的装备研制费用估算方法及应用

介绍了寿命周期费用的概念以及各阶段分布情况;针对经典回归分析的不足,采用偏最小二乘回归分析对某装备样本数据进行分析建模;建立了研制费用与几个相关指标的回归方程,并将估算结果与经典的回归分析进行对比,验证模型的合理性。该模型能较好地反映了费用与各指标之间的关系,对后续寿命周期费用的分析与控制有一定的意义。